Federal Government Funding For Schools

After Funding Lagged Behind Most Other States For Nearly Two Decades

Federal grants offer schools funding for COVID-19 testing and tracing

California ranks 19th in spending per student among states, including D.C. Before the recovery from the Great Recession, Californias rank had varied between 25th and 35th since the mid-1980s.
Adjusting for differences in labor costs across states, Californias rank drops to 35th.

During recessions, Californias K12 spending typically falls more than other statesbut rises more quickly during economic recoveries.

Does The Department Effectively Monitor The Implementation Of Legislated Ongoing Policy Requirements

The department is improving the effectiveness of its monitoring of the implementation of legislated ongoing policy requirements. The process to verify compliance with the requirements has improved, however, some weaknesses in the documentation of the process and some inconsistencies between compliance certificates for government and non-government authorities impact on the level of assurance provided by compliance certificates. The process could also be more timely.

3.25The Act prescribes the ongoing policy requirements that all approved authorities must comply with as a condition of funding, which include: implementation of a curriculum at the schools participation of schools in the national assessment program and provision of information.

3.26The department uses compliance certificates prepared by approved authorities to confirm that a school has met section 77 requirements. Compliance certificates are an annual online set of questions that require approved authorities to confirm, using a yes or no format, that a school has met its obligations under the Act.

3.28In Report 476 the JCPAA recommended the department report back to the committee on the development and implementation of improvements to its administrative arrangements for compliance certificates .56

3.29The School Funding Assurance Framework describes the steps of the compliance certificate process as follows.

Californias School Funding Formula Allocates Additional Funding To Higher

The Local Control Funding Formula , passed in 201314 and fully implemented in 201819, gives districts additional funding based on their share of high-need students districts also have greater spending flexibility under LCFF than in the prior formula.
LCFF generates a funding target for each district the state funds what is not covered by local revenue. Roughly 15% of districts are basic aidtheir local revenue exceeds the target, and they retain these extra local funds.
Under LCFF, 202021 per pupil current spending is higher for low-income than higher-income students , for EL than non-ELs , and higher for Black and Latino than white students .

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Summary Of Department Of Education Skills And Employment Response

The Department of Education, Skills and Employment welcome this report.

This audit report acknowledges the significant efforts the Department has made to implement changes recommended by the ANAOs performance audit of December 2017.

As highlighted in the report, the Department has implemented a risk-based approach to monitoring compliance with legislative requirements, and the components of the approach are robust and relevant. There are effective mechanisms to ensure the accuracy of funding allocation.

The report also finds that the Department effectively monitors progress against the reform directions in the National School Reform Agreement, the Reform Support Fund and the Choice and Affordability Fund.

The Department acknowledges that further improvements can be made on the transparency of Australian Government school funding distribution and the measurement of the impact of school funding on education outcomes.

Public Education Spending In Kentucky

Federal and State Funding of Higher Education

Kentucky K-12 schools rank 33rd in spending but 37th in funding.

K-12 schools spend $11,278 per pupil for a total of $7,646,150,000 annually.

Expenditures are equivalent to 3.87% of taxpayer income.
Kentucky K-12 schools receive $955,954,000 or $1,410 per pupil, from the federal government.
State funding totals $4,785,635,000 or $7,059 per pupil.

Local funding totals $2,910,337,000 or $4,293 per pupil.
State and local funding is equivalent to 3.89% of Kentuckyâs taxpayer income.
Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.48% of the stateâs taxpayer income.

Funding for K-12 education in Kentucky totals $8,651,926 or $12,761 per pupil.
The difference between spending and funding is $1,005,776,000 or $1,483 per pupil.
At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $31,465 per pupil, 20.7% of which goes toward instruction.

Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $2,459 per student.
State and local funding averages a combined $5,754 per student.
Tuition accounts for 15.8% of all funding, which is a 8.14% smaller share than in the previous year.

5.54% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
Kentuckyâs 2-year community colleges spend 9.01% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

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Key Messages From This Audit For All Australian Government Entities

Below is a summary of key messages, including instances of good practice, which have been identified in this audit and may be relevant for the operations of other Australian Government entities.

Governance and risk management

The adequate and timely implementation of agreed recommendations is an important element of realising the full benefit of those recommendations. It also serves to demonstrate the entitys commitment to improving public administration and being accountable to parliament. In November 2019, the ANAO published Implementation of Recommendations Audit Insights, outlining the approaches entities are taking to implement recommendations to improve public administration practices and outcomes. The Department of Education, Skills and Employment had effective processes in place to provide responses to the recommendations made by the Joint Committee of Public Accounts and Audit.

When administering legislative requirements, an overarching framework that clearly articulates the purpose of risk-based compliance and assurance activities can provide the Parliament with confidence that money is being spent in accordance with legislative requirements. It can also enhance transparency and promote compliance among relevant stakeholders. In January 2014, the ANAO published Administering Regulation Audit Insights, which discusses the importance of entities developing a strategic, diligent and risk-based regulatory compliance approach.

Performance measurement

Public Education Spending In Montana

Montana ranks 28th in K-12 school spending and 29th in funding. Schools in Montana spend less than the national average on education per pupil and as a proportion of taxpayer income.

Montana K-12 schools spend $11,983 per pupil for a total of $1,783,700,000 annually.
Expenditures are equivalent to 3.30% of taxpayer income.

Montana K-12 schools receive $267,186,000, or $1,795 per pupil, from the federal government.
State funding totals $875,872,000 or $5,884 per pupil.
Local funding totals $902,049,000 or $6,060 per pupil.

State and local funding is equivalent to 3.29% of Montanaâs taxpayer income.
Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.49% of the stateâs taxpayer income.
Funding for K-12 education in Montana totals $2,045,107,000 or $13,739 per pupil.

The difference between spending and funding is $261,407,000 or $1,756 per pupil.
At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $26,561 per pupil, 28.0% of which goes toward instruction.
Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $4,810 per student.

State and local funding averages a combined $7,025 per student.
Tuition accounts for 26.6% of all funding, which is a 3.15% smaller proportion than in the previous academic year.
7.77% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.

Montanaâs 2-year community colleges spend 9.80% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

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How Much You Can Get

The amount you can receive depends on many factors, including:

your province or territory of residence
your family income
your tuition fees and living expenses

if you have a disability

To find out how much you might get in Canada Student Grants or Loans, use the federal student aid estimator.

Note: The estimator does not take into account the provincial and territorial student grants and loans.

Public Education Spending In Texas

Federal funding for Knox County Schools

Texas K-12 schools rank 44th in spending and 39th in funding. Texas is second only to California in the size of its K-12 student population.

K-12 schools spend $9,871 per pupil for a total of $53,618,624,000 annually.
Expenditures are equivalent to 3.46% of taxpayer income.

Texas K-12 schools receive $7,284,340,000, or $1,341 per pupil, from the federal government.
State funding totals $24,484,118,000 or $4,507 per pupil.
Local funding totals $35,177,830,000 or $6,476 per pupil.

State and local funding is equivalent to 3.85% of Texasâ taxpayer income.
Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.47% of the stateâs taxpayer income.
Funding for K-12 education in Texas totals $66,946,288,000 or $12,324 per pupil.

The difference between spending and funding is $13,327,664,000 or $2,454 per pupil.
At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $27,505 per pupil, 27.7% of which goes toward instruction.
Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $1,912 per student.

State and local funding averages a combined $8,160 per student.
Tuition accounts for 14.1% of all funding, a 4.40% larger proportion compared to the previous academic year.
3.24% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.

Texasâ 2-year community colleges spend 9.57% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

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Public Education Spending In Idaho

Idaho ranks 50th in terms of K-12 spending, and Idaho schools receive the least funding of all states.

Idaho K-12 schools spend $8,041 per pupil for a total of $2,497,424,000 annually.
Expenditures are equivalent to 2.99% of taxpayer income.
Idaho K-12 schools receive $276,720,000, or $891 per pupil, from the federal government.

State funding totals $1,929,390,000 or $6,212 per pupil.
Local funding totals $703,691,000 or $2,266 per pupil.
State and local funding is equivalent to 3.15% of Idahoâs taxpayer income.

Idahoâs federal education funding is equivalent to 0.33% of the stateâs taxpayer income.
Funding for K-12 education in Idaho totals $2,909,800,000 or $9,369 per pupil.
The difference between spending and funding is $412,376,000 or $1,328 per pupil.

At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $17,946 per pupil, 35.6% of which goes toward instruction.
Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $1,757 per student.
State and local funding averages a combined $6,888 per student.

Tuition accounts for 27.0% of all funding, which is a 2.18% larger share than the previous year.
6.56% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
Idahoâs 2-year community colleges spend 12.8% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Funding By State

Educational funding or financing refers to how much money goes into schools, also sometimes referred to as revenue or income. Financing influences spending, but states rarely spend 100% of their public school funding.

K-12 schools in Alaska receive the most funding per pupil from the federal government.
The District of Columbia receives the second-most federal funding for K-12 schools.

Utah receives the lowest amount per pupil from the federal government.
Colorado receives the second-lowest amount per pupil in federal funding.
Vermontâs state government spends the most per pupil of any state government to finance education.

Hawaii supplies the second-most state funding.
Nevadaâs state government supplies the lowest amount of educational financing per pupil.

Public Educational Funding Per K-12 Student From Most to Least Federal Funding

State
$5,389

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How The Funding Works

The Government of Canada works with most provincial or territorial governments to offer student grants and loans. In all situations, you apply with your province or territory of residence. The amount you can receive is calculated when you apply.

British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Ontario, and Saskatchewan

The Government of Canada and the provincial governments work together to provide integrated student grants and loans.

Alberta, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island

Canada Student Grants and Loans are available alongside provincial or territorial student aid.

Yukon

Only Canada Student Grants and Loans and territorial grants are available.

Nunavut, the Northwest Territories and Quebec

Canada Student Grants and Loans are not available. These jurisdictions operate their own student aid programs.

Public Education Spending In Nevada

Nevada K-12 schools rank 48th in spending and 44th in funding. State schools spend a higher proportion of federal funding and a much lower proportion of state funding than the nationwide average.

Nevada K-12 schools spend $9,124 per pupil for a total of $4,495,961,000 annually.
Expenditures are equivalent to 2.81% of taxpayer income.

Nevada K-12 schools receive $486,337,000, or $987 per pupil, from the federal government.
State funding totals $1,861,030,000 or $3,777 per pupil.
Local funding totals $3,081,061,000 or $6,253 per pupil.

State and local funding is equivalent to 3.09% of Nevadaâs taxpayer income.
Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.30% of the stateâs taxpayer income.
Funding for K-12 education in Nevada totals $5,428,429,000 or $11,017 per pupil.

The difference between spending and funding is $932,468,000 or $1,892 per pupil.
At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $18,524 per pupil, 40.1% of which goes toward instruction.
Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $1,507 per student.

State and local funding averages a combined $6,728 per student.
Tuition accounts for 22.3% of all funding, which is a 1.24% smaller proportion than in the previous academic year.
3.95% of all postsecondary funding in Nevada comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.

The Majority Of Funding For California K12 Schools Is Provided By The State

Since 1990, the state share of school funding typically has hovered between 54% and 61%, with the local share between 32% and 36%. This share varies across school districts.
The state share was lower in 2020 than at any point in at least 30 years.

In 202021 and 202122, the state also invested over $5 billion in one-time COVID-19 recovery funds.

Monitoring Progress Against Reform Directions And Ongoing Policy Requirements

Areas examined

This chapter examines the department of Education, Skills and Employment s activities to monitor progress against the achievement of reform directions and the implementation of ongoing policy requirements.

Monitoring of progress against reform directions in the National School Reform Agreement , Reform Support Fund and Choice and Affordability Fund and against ongoing policy requirements is largely effective.

Area for improvement

The ANAO has made one suggestion to address issues identified with compliance certificates.

3.1Amendments to the Australian Education Act 2013 in January 2018 prescribed, as a condition of Australian Government financial assistance, the implementation by states and territories of national policy initiatives and agreements relating to school education . Approved authorities must also comply with ongoing policy requirements, defined in the Act and in the Australian Education Regulation 2013 . Section 77 also establishes that approved authorities for non-government schools must cooperate with the states and territories in implementing the national policy initiatives and agreements mentioned in section 22 and must implement policy initiatives in accordance with the Regulation.

3.5In Report 476 Australian Government Funding, the Joint Committee of Public Accounts and Audits made a recommendation to improve arrangements for compliance certificates, which are used to monitor compliance with ongoing policy requirements .51

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Despite Record Funding Levels Fiscal Challenges Remain

Californias K12 student enrollment has been declining, largely due to falling birth rates and net migration. Since COVID-19, drops in enrollment have been larger than expectedespecially in Kindergarten and Grade 1. Most districts and counties will grapple with the fiscal challenges of downsizing over the next decade.
Increases in personnel costssuch as rising health and benefit costscan have an outsized impact: roughly 80% of current spending on K12 students is for staffing . Notably, rising pension contributions absorbed about 25% of the K12 spending increase from 201314 to 201920.

Estimates suggest districts will need at least $7.4 billion in additional state funding for modernization needs through 2025. School facility funding is primarily funded locally, with the state School Facility Program providing some support. In part due to a requirement for local matching funds, on average, SFP funding for modernization slightly worsens gaps by district property wealth, student income, and student race.

Public Education Spending In Wyoming

Political brawl brewing over new government funding policy for private schools | 7.30

Wyoming spends more than average on K-12 education in terms of percentage of taxpayersâ personal income. The stateâs schools rank 12th in spending and 9th in funding.

Wyoming K-12 schools spend $16,231 per pupil for a total of $1,530,465,000 annually.

Expenditures are equivalent to 4.23% of taxpayer income.
K-12 schools receive $132,478,000, or $1,405 per pupil, from the federal government.
State funding totals $964,548,000 or $10,230 per pupil.

Local funding totals $708,819,000 or $7,517 per pupil.
State and local funding is equivalent to 4.62% of Wyomingâs taxpayer income.
Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.37% of the stateâs taxpayer income.

Funding for K-12 education in Wyoming totals $1,805,845,000 or $19,152 per pupil.
The difference between spending and funding is $275,380,000 or $2,921 per pupil.
At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $27,760 per pupil, 32.4% of which goes toward instruction.

Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $3,049 per student.
State and local funding averages a combined $13,423 per student.
Tuition accounts for 13.5% of all funding, a 23.2% larger proportion compared to the previous academic year.

5.16% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
Wyomingâs 2-year community colleges spend 29.5% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

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Public Education Spending In New Mexico

New Mexico K-12 schools rank 37th in spending and 38th in funding. Schools spend less per pupil than most other states, but taxpayers spend more on education than the nationwide average.

New Mexico K-12 schools spend $10.469 per pupil for a total of $3,490,740,000 annually.
Expenditures are equivalent to 3.80% of taxpayer income.

New Mexico K-12 schools receive $538,845,000, or $1,616 per pupil, from the federal government.
State funding totals $2,836,184,000 or $8,506 per pupil.
Local funding totals $746,930,000 or $2,240 per pupil.
State and local funding is equivalent to 3.90% of New Mexicoâs taxpayer income.
Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.59% of the stateâs taxpayer income.
Funding for K-12 education in New Mexico totals $4,121,959,000 or $12,362 per pupil.
The difference between spending and funding is $631,219,000 or $1,893 per pupil.
At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $26,646 per pupil, 23.7% of which goes toward instruction.
Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $3,284 per student.
State and local funding averages a combined $10,909 per student.
Tuition accounts for 7.01% of all funding, which is a 15.8% smaller proportion than in the previous academic year.
1.79% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
New Mexicoâs 2-year community colleges spend 19.3% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.